The spring of this year saw a surge in cases of human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a common but lesser-known respiratory virus in the United States. While hMPV has quietly flown under the radar amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, recent data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed a significant increase in hMPV cases between February and April.
In this article, we will explore what hMPV is, its symptoms, transmission, and the factors contributing to its surge this spring.
What is hMPV, aka Human Metapneumovirus?
hMPV is a common virus that primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It can cause illness in individuals of all ages, but it severely affects children, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. The virus follows seasonal patterns, typically peaking in late winter and spring.
Understanding hMPV Symptoms
Common symptoms of hMPV infection include a runny nose, sore throat, fever, cough, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. Sometimes, hMPV infections can progress to bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in vulnerable populations.
Differentiating hMPV from the Common Cold
While hMPV shares similarities with the common cold, it is important to note that rhinoviruses are the primary cause of the common cold, not hMPV. Although symptoms of hMPV are typically mild and resemble those of a common cold, the virus can lead to severe illness, hospitalization, or complications, especially in infants, young, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
Duration and Treatment of hMPV Infections
The symptoms of hMPV infections usually last for about three to seven days. No specific treatment or vaccine is available for hMPV, and medical care focuses on providing symptomatic relief. Rest, hydration, over-the-counter medication, and cold home remedies are typically recommended.
Factors Contributing to the Surge of hMPV Cases
The recent surge in hMPV cases and other respiratory viruses like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can be attributed to a rebound in transmission following decreased viral spread during the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the pandemic, public health measures such as mask-wearing, social distancing, and school closures decreased viral transmission. However, as restrictions eased and people resumed in-person activities, the opportunity for respiratory viruses to spread increased, resulting in surges of hMPV and other respiratory illnesses.
Conclusion
hMPV, a common respiratory virus, experienced a notable surge in cases during spring. While it may share similarities with the common cold, hMPV can lead to severe illness, particularly in vulnerable populations.
With no specific treatment available, focusing on symptomatic relief and adopting preventive measures such as maintaining good hygiene, practicing respiratory etiquette, and staying home when unwell remain essential. The surge in hMPV cases reminds us of the ongoing threat posed by respiratory viruses and the importance of remaining vigilant in preventing their spread.
